The Concentration of Artificial Intelligence in Big Tech and Its Implications for Human Rights in the European Union

arXiv:2609.39285v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The development of advanced artificial intelligence is increasingly concentrated in a small group of vertically integrated technology companies. These firms control combinations of computing infrastructure, cloud services, data, foundation models, software ecosystems, and channels of distribution. This article argues that such concentration transforms market power into a form of private governance over the conditions in which fundamental rights are exercised. Drawing on an interdisciplinary narrative review, it examines how concentration affects equality of access, privacy, freedom of science, working conditions, access to essential resources, environmental protection, and the availability of effective remedies. Evidence from data-centre expansion in Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Chile, together with studies of automation and collective bargaining, shows that benefits may be widely distributed while decision-making power and economic returns remain concentrated. Concentration does not itself establish a rights violation, but it increases dependency, opacity, switching costs, and the risk that social and environmental costs are externalised. The article concludes that competition policy must be combined with rights-based impact assessment, interoperability, public research capacity, worker participation, and enforceable access to review and remedy.

Concentration of AI in Big Tech may lead to private governance and increased dependency.

The paper is a structural/legal analysis rather than an empirical finding of harm; it explicitly notes concentration does not itself establish a rights violation. The implication is moderately concerning given credible structural trends, but conclusions are interpretive and policy-oriented rather than measured outcomes.

The concentration of AI in Big Tech creates private governance over fundamental rights. This increases dependency and externalizes social and environmental costs. The article presents evidence of this concentration and its effects.

The concentration of AI development in a few companies increases control over fundamental rights. This increases dependency and opacity, posing risks to human rights.

SOURCE     arXiv cs.CY (Computers and Society) (tier 1)
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DOCUMENT   d305b15d-99f3-4804-b743-1bb40ae0b7ed
           https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39285
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EVIDENCE   3 extracted excerpts
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MODEL RUN  4 runs, methodology 1.0.1
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SCORE      -76  (Strongly adverse)
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CONFIDENCE 79%